Difference between Proxy and Gateway
A proxy acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, it’s very often used for filtering, caching, and logging web requests.
Types
Forward Proxy - Used by clients to access the...
How NAT and PAT Works
Network Address Translation (NAT)
This is a method that allows multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address, which conserves the number of public IP...
Network Topologies Explained
Bus Topology
This setup connects all devices (Network Nodes) in a sequence on a single cable or ‘bus’. Data travels back and forth along the bus, and devices listen for data meant...
Black Holing Made Simple
This is a network security measure used to handle unwanted or potential harmful traffic. If the traffic is unwanted or harmful, all the data sent to a particular IP address or...
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PE Headers and Sections Explained
The Portable Executable (PE) format is a file format for executables, object code, DLLS, and others used in Windows operating systems. The structure of a PE file includes several headers, each serving a specific purpose.
Understanding those are crucial for reverse engineering, debugging, and malware...
Digital Certificate Management
Certificate Authority (CA)
This is a trusted organization or entity that issues digital certificates. These certificates are used to verify the identity of websites, individuals, and devices on a network. When you see “HTTPS” in a web address, it means the website has a digital...
Pyramid of Pain
The Pyramid of Pain is a concept in cybersecurity that helps to visualize and understand the impact of various indicators of compromise (IOCs) on adversaries, illustrating the increasing levels of difficulty an attacker faces when their activities are detected and blocked by defenders.
Hash Values
It...