DNS Sinking Explained
DNS Sinking (DNS Sinkholing) is a crucial cybersecurity technique used to redirect malicious or unwanted traffic to a controlled IP address, effectively neutralizing threats...
Simple Concepts of Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering in cybersecurity involves analysing software, systems, or hardware to understand their design, functionality and behaviour. The goal is often to uncover vulnerabilities,...
How Tokenization Works
Tokenization is a data security technique where data is replaced by non-sensitive equivalents, called tokens. These tokens can be used in the system without...
Black Holing Made Simple
This is a network security measure used to handle unwanted or potential harmful traffic. If the traffic is unwanted or harmful, all the data...
Wi-Fi Standards and Protocols
802.11 Wi-Fi Standards
These refer to a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN) communication, developed by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics...
Kernel Explanation
The kernel is a fundamental part of any Operating System, acting as the bridge between software and hardware. It’s responsible for managing the system’s...
What’s Log4j and Log4Shell vulnerability
Log4j is a widely-used Java-based library developed by Apache Software Foundation that’s designed to enable developers log various levels of information (trace, debug, info,...
TCP Flags Guide
Here’s a breakdown of each TCP flag with its purpose and for what’s used.
SYN (Synchronize) - Initiates a connection between two hosts. It’s the...
System Failure Behaviours Explained
The terms “fail open”, “fail close”, "Fail Safe", "Failover" describe how systems behave when they encounter a failure or unexpected event. These concepts are...
Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)
This is the process of gathering, analysing, and utilizing information about potential or current threats to an organization’s digital assets focusing on understanding the...


























