Black Holing Made Simple
This is a network security measure used to handle unwanted or potential harmful traffic. If the traffic is unwanted or harmful, all the data...
Reverse Engineer – Assembly Basics
Assembly is a low-level programming language that provides a way to write instructions that the CPU can execute directly, it’s closely related to machine...
Different Types of Firewalls Explained (WAF, HBF, NBF, NGFW)
Web Application Firewall (WAF)
It’s a Firewall that operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7 OSI) that’s designed to monitor, filter and block HTTP/HTTPS traffic...
Disk Redundancy RAID
Disk redundancy through RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a method used to protect data and improve performance by combining multiple hard drives...
Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)
This is the process of gathering, analysing, and utilizing information about potential or current threats to an organization’s digital assets focusing on understanding the...
How Tokenization Works
Tokenization is a data security technique where data is replaced by non-sensitive equivalents, called tokens. These tokens can be used in the system without...
Load Balancing
Load balancing is a process used to distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers, ensuring no single server becomes overwhelmed. Improving responsiveness and...
System Failure Behaviours Explained
The terms “fail open”, “fail close”, "Fail Safe", "Failover" describe how systems behave when they encounter a failure or unexpected event. These concepts are...
Kernel Explanation
The kernel is a fundamental part of any Operating System, acting as the bridge between software and hardware. It’s responsible for managing the system’s...
DNS Sinking Explained
DNS Sinking (DNS Sinkholing) is a crucial cybersecurity technique used to redirect malicious or unwanted traffic to a controlled IP address, effectively neutralizing threats...




























